Zoroaster marked the return of Noah in Cyrus

[Elijah]

70% of the information here in Wikipedia was donated by me from The Book Of Calendars (Frank Parise), and the 40 days I discovered of Noah. So I am printing it in whole, what little was there before I added to it 3 months ago and again today can be edited out if one feels 70% isn't enough to avoid copyright claims by Wikipedia. I do find that much I wrote in Wikipedia (whether later erased or not) shows up in other scholastic online sources... (apparently it makes money to quote sources and put ads on it). So I dont think this sight should be afraid of legal suit, unless you think these other copying sources paid to Wikipedia to mass quote Wikipedia. (Seriously, I know my own topics, and they are spreading thruout the net without much of my effort. In fact, one topic in which a moderator of edited out what I wrote within 2 hours of me writing it, was yet still beaten in speed by Google in which what I wrote can still be Googled up as being  there at Wikipedia. wow.)

== How Zoroaster worships the return of Noah in Cyrus ==
Wikipedia copy:

[Elijah]

History
Prior to the Zoroastrian calendar a common use of a 360-day year existed simultaneously since at least the mid-5th century BCE , and was based systemically on the Babylonian calendar. Under that system, the Kabiseh (lack) that accumulated over time was leveled out by the periodic intercalation of a thirteenth month, as determined by observation. The tradition of naming the days and months after divinities was based on a similar Egyptian custom, and had been previously instituted at some point between 458 and 330 BCE, very probably during the reign of Artaxerxes II (404–358 BCE).

The calendar reform is accredited to the Sassanid emperor Ardashir I (226–241 CE). Beginning rule in 206 CE, Zoroastrian new year fell on Oct 6, (Egyptian Choiak 6) having a 365-day year based on the Egyptian calendar without leap days so that 20 years later its new year month Furvurdeen of 226 CE was Oct 1 (always Egyptian Choiak 6) having 12 months of 30 days each, and the months and days of the month that had been named in Achaemenid times remained as they were. The 12th month was followed by five additional Gatha or Gah days, after the ancient Avesta hymns of the same name. In addition, all forms of intercalation were discarded, and the first day of the religious year was shifted from the 1st day of the 1st month to the 1st day of the 9th month. The Era of the new year month Furvurdeen (Armenian Nawasardi /Egyptian Choiak) was placed as March 3 of 389 BC; the year 387 BC being 360 years of 90 leap days after Babylon's Era 747 BC Feb 26 (Thoth 1, and Thoth 6 on March 3). With Babylon's 1st year as 1894 BC, the year 388 BC is year 1508 in Egyptian or zoroastrian years, and year 1507 in Julian or Gregorian years (the known seasonal formula being 1508x 365 days = 1507 Gregorian, or 12 leap days past 1460 years). The Gatha days are epagum that are moved from Din (Deh /Merari /Thoth) to Furvurdeen (Choiak), so that Gatha days begin on Egyptian Choiak 1 and the new year month Furvurdeen begins on Choiak 6. Armenian new year is always a constant (Choiak 4) two days before Zoroastrian dates.

The new system created confusion and was met with resistance, and many Zoroastrian feasts and celebrations had two dates, a tradition that is maintained by some Zoroastrians to this day. Many rites were practiced over many days instead of one day and duplication of observances was continued to make sure no holy days were missed.

After 46 years (226-272 CE) with Furvurdeen now on Sep 19, the lack of 12 leap days confused the correlation between lunar dates and 365-day calendar; and so another calendar reform was implemented by Ardashir's grandson Hormizd I (272–273 CE). The new and old holy days were linked together to form continual six-day feasts. Norouz (or Navroz), the first day of spring, was an exception: the first and the sixth day of the month were celebrated as different occasions and the sixth day became more significant as Zoroasters’ birthday rather than as a continuation of the spring festival celebrations.

Since the reforms of Ardashir I also did away with all forms of intercalation, the calendar and seasons had diverged by three months in 360 years by the time Yazdegerd III (632–651 CE) ascended the throne. This resulted in the Gahambars (the seasonal festivals) being celebrated at the wrong times of the year. In 632 AD Zoroastrian new year (June 21 on Choiak 6) was moved by Yezdezred back 5 days by omitting that year's Gatha days of June 16 (on Choiak 1) making its dates three days before Armenian. Yazdegerd III had another reform prepared, but it was not implemented when the Arabs overthrew dynasty.


==  Yazdegerdi (Y.Z.) Era ==
Following Alexander's conquest of Persia in 330 BCE, the Seleucids (312-248 BCE) instituted the Hellenic practice of dating by era, as opposed to dating by the reign of individual kings, and began the era of Alexander (now referred to as the Seleucid era). This practice was not considered acceptable to the Zoroastrian priests, who consequently founded a new era, the era of Zoroaster—which incidentally led to the first serious attempt to establish a historical date for the prophet. The Parthians (150 BCE–224 CE), who succeeded the Seleucids, continued the Seleucid/Hellenic tradition, and it was not until the calendar reform of Ardashir I that dating by regnal year was reinstituted.

The Zoroastrian calendar uses the Y.Z. suffix for its calendar era (year numbering system), indicating the number of years since the coronation in 632 CE of Yezdegerd III, the last monarch of the Sassanian dynasty.


==  Variations ==
As a result of the lack of intercalation embodied in the calendar reforms of Ardashir I, the calendar and the seasons were, over time, no longer synchronized. Already in the 9th century, the Zoroastrian theologian Zadspram had noted that the state of affairs was less than optimal and estimated that at the time of Final Judgement the two systems would be out of sync by four years.

In 1006, the roaming New Year's Day once again coincided with the day of the vernal equinox, and (according to legend) it was resolved that the Zoroastrian calendar henceforth intercalate an additional month every 120 years as prescribed in Denkard III.419 (it must however be noted that the Denkard is itself a 9th century work). At some point between 1125 and 1250, the Parsi-Zoroastrians of the Indian subcontinent inserted such an embolismic month, named Aspandarmad vahizak (the month of Aspandarmad but with a vahizak suffix). That month would also be the last month intercalated: subsequent generations of Parsis neglected to insert a thirteenth month.

At the time of the decision to intercalate every 120 years, the calendar was called the Shahenshahi (imperial) calendar. The Parsis, not aware that they were not intercalating correctly, continued to call their calendar Shahenshahi. This practice has survived to this day, and adherents of other variants of the Zoroastrian calendar denigrate the Shahenshahi as "royalist".

Meanwhile, the Zoroastrians who remained in Iran never once intercalated a thirteenth month. Around 1720, an Irani-Zoroastrian priest named Jamasp Peshotan Velati travelled from Iran to India. Upon his arrival, he discovered that there was a difference of a month between the Parsi calendar and his own calendar. Velati brought this discrepancy to the attention of the priests of Surat, but no consensus as to which calendar was correct was reached. Around 1740, some influential priests argued that since their visitor had been from the ancient 'homeland', his version of the calendar must be correct, and their own must be wrong. On June 6, 1745, a number of Parsis in and around Surat adjusted their calendars according to the recommendation of their priests. This calendar became known as the Kadimi calendar in both India and Iran, which in due course became contracted to Kadmi or Quadmi.

In 1906, Khurshedji Cama, a Bombay Parsi, founded the "Zarthosti Fasili Sal Mandal", or Zoroastrian Seasonal-Year Society. The Fasili or Fasli calendar, as it became known, was based on an older model, introduced in 1079 during the reign of the Seljuk Malik Shah and which had been well received in agrarian communities.This calendar had two salient points: 1) It was in harmony with the seasons and New Year's Day coincided with vernal equinox. 2) It followed the Egyptian-Zoroastrian model (12 months of 30 days each plus 5 extra days), but also had an auto-regulatory leap day every four years: the leap day, called Avardad-sal-Gah, followed the five existing Gah days at the end of the year. The Fasli society also claimed that their calendar was an accurate religious calendar, as opposed to the other two calendars, which they asserted were only political.

The new calendar received little support from the Indian Zoroastrian community since the calendar was considered to contradict the injunctions expressed in the Denkard (III.419). In Iran, however, the Fasli calendar gained momentum following a campaign in 1930 to persuade the Iranian Zoroastrians to adopt the new calendar of the seasons, which they called the Bastani calendar. In 1925, the Iranian Parliament had introduced a new Iranian calendar, which (independent of the Fasli movement) incorporated both points proposed by the Fasili Society, and since the Iranian national calendar had also retained the Zoroastrian names of the months, it was not a big step to integrate the two. The Bastani calendar was duly accepted by the majority of the Zoroastrians. In Yazd, however, the Zoroastrian community resisted, and to this day follow the Kadmi calendar.

In 1992, all three calendars happened to have the first day of a month on the same day, and although many Zoroastrians suggested a consolidation of the calendars, no consensus could be reached. Some priests also objected on the grounds that the religious implements would require re-consecration, at not insignificant expense.

[Elijah]

== Month and day names ==
The months and the days of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar are dedicated to, and named after, a divinity or divine concept. The religious importance of the calendar dedications is very significant. Not only does the calendar establish the hierarchy of the major divinities, it ensures the frequent invocation of their names since the divinities of both day and month are mentioned at every Zoroastrian act of worship.


==  Day names ==
The oldest (though not dateable) testimony for the existence of the day dedications comes from Yasna 16, a section of the Yasna liturgy that is – for the most part – a veneration to the 30 divinities with day-name dedications. The Siroza – a two-part Avesta text with individual dedications to the 30 calendar divinities – has the same sequence.

1. Dadvah Ahura Mazd? /Hormazd
2. Vohu Manah /Bahman
3. Aša Vahišta /Ardibehest
4. Khšathra Vairya /Shrerever
5. Spenta ?rmaiti /Aspundad
6. Haurvat?t /Khordad
7. Ameret?t /Amerdad
8. Dadvah Ahura Mazd? /Depadur
9. ?tar /Adur
10. ?p? /Aban
11. Hvar /Khurshed
12. M?h /Mhor
13. Tištrya /Tir
14. Geuš Urvan /Gosh
15. Dadvah Ahura Mazd? /Depmhel  16. Mithra /Meher
17. Sraoša /Serosh
18. Rašnu /Rashne
19. Fravašay? /Furvurdeen
20. Verethragna /Behram
21. R?man /Ram
22. V?ta /Guvad
23. Dadvah Ahura Mazd? /Depdin
24. Da?na /Din
25. Aši /Ashasang
26. Aršt?t /Ashtad
27. Asm?n /Asman
28. Zam /Zamiad
29. Manthra Spenta /Maharesphand
30. Anaghra Rao?? /Aniram 

The quaternary dedication to Ahura Mazda was perhaps a compromise between orthodox and heterodox factions, with the 8th, 15th and 23rd day of the calendar perhaps originally having been dedicated to Apam Napat, Haoma, and Dahm?n Afr?n. The dedication to the Ahuric Apam Napat would almost certainly have been an issue for devotees of Aredvi Sura Anahita, whose shrine cult was enormously popular between the 4th c. BCE and the 3rd c. CE and who is (accretions included) a functional equal of Apam Napat. To this day these three divinities are considered 'extra-calendary' divinites inasfar as they invoked together with the other 27, so making a list of 30 discrete entities.

 
Faravahar, believed to be a depiction of a Fravashi (guardian spirit), to which the month and day of Farvardin is dedicatedThe 2nd through 7th days are dedicated to the Amesha Spentas, the six 'divine sparks' through whom all subsequent creation was accomplished, and who – in present-day Zoroastrianism – are the archangels.

Days 9 through 13 are dedications to five yazatas of the litanies (Niyayeshes): Fire (Atar), Water (Apo), Sun (Hvar), Moon (Mah), the star Sirius (Tištrya) that here perhaps represents the firmament in its entirety. Day 14 is dedicated to the soul of the Ox (Geush Urvan), linked with and representing all animal creation.

Day 16, leading the second half of the days of the month, is dedicated to the divinity of oath, Great Mithra (like Apam Napat of the Ahuric triad). He is followed by those closest to him, Sraoša and Rašnu, likewise judges of the soul; the representatives of which, the Fravashi(s), come next. Verethragna, R?man, V?ta are respectively the hypostases of victory, the breath of life, and the (other) divinity of the wind and 'space'.

The last group represent the more 'abstract' emanations: Religion (Daena), Recompense (Ashi), and Justice (Arshtat); Sky (Asman) and Earth (Zam); Sacred Invocation (Manthra Spenta) and Endless Light (Anaghra Raocha).

In present-day use, the day and month names are the Middle Persian equivalents of the divine names or the concepts, but in some cases reflect Semitic influences (for instance Tištrya appears as Tir, which Boyce (1982:31-33) asserts is derived from Nabu-*Tiri). The names of the 8th, 15th, and 23rd day of the month – reflecting Babylonian practice of dividing the month into four periods – can today be distinguished from one another: These three days are named Dae-pa Adar, Dae-pa Mehr, and Dae-pa Din, Middle Persian expressions meaning 'Creator of' (respectively) Atar, Mithra, and Daena.


==  Month names ==
Twelve divinities to whom days of the month are dedicated also have months dedicated to them. The month dedicated to Ahura Mazda is a special case– that month is named after Mazda's stock epithet, "Creator" (Avestan Dadvah, whence Zoroastrian Middle Persian Dae), rather than after His proper name.

Seven of the twelve month names occur at various points in the surviving Avesta texts, but an enumeration similar to the ones for day names does not exist in scripture. Lists of month names are however known from commentaries on the Avesta texts, from various regional Zoroastrian calendars of the 3rd–7th centuries, and from living usage. That these names have an Old Iranian origin and are not merely Middle Iranian innovations may be inferred from the fact that several regional variants reflect Old Iranian genetive singular forms, that is, they preserve an implicit "(month) of".

The month-names (with Avestan language names in parentheses; cultural variation of these names must be acknowledged here, i.e. mention of Islamic Ramadan in Turkey confuses them because they say Ramazan), in the ordinal sequence used today, are:

1. Frawardin (Frauuašin?m) /Furvurdeen / Farvardin
2. Ardwahisht (Ašahe Vahištahe) /Ardibehest
3. Khordad (Haurvat?t?) /Hordad
4. Tir (Tištryehe) /Dir
5. Amurdad (Am?r?t?t?) /Amerdad
6. Shahrewar (Xša?rahe Vairyehe) /Shrerever
 7. Mihr (Mi?rahe) /Moher
 8. Aban (Ap?m)
 9. Adur (??r?)
10. Dae (Da?uš? [Ahurahe Mazda?]) Deh
11. Wahman (Va?h??uš Mana?h?) /Bahman
12. Spendarmad (Sp?ntay?? ?rmat?iš) /Aspendadmad 

All the months of Zoroaster are shifted from the Egyptian calendar by exactly 5 days in a constant that never changes. The indication that Deh was originally the 1st month (always falling in Egyptian 1st month Thoth), and Farwardin was 4th month (always falling in Egyptian month Koyak) is strongly implied by the previous civil month Adur (always falling in the Egyptian 12th month civil Mesor) yet having the name of lunar Adar (the 12th month of the lunar Nisan calendar). This assures us the civil name Adur was formed when civil Mesor and lunar Adar were in the same month (Feb) as it was in 747 BC. The inauguration of 388 BC therefore appears to be the year of change to Farvardin honoring 360 years from Babylon's 747 BC (Feb 26 = new year Thoth 1 plus 3 months of 90 leap days) placing Zoroaster Gatha 1 on Feb 26, and Farvardin 1 on Mar 3 of 388 BC.

The days on which day-name and month-name dedications intersect are festival days (name-day feast days) of special worship. Because Ahura Mazda has four day-name dedications, the month dedicated to Him has four intersections (the first, eighth, fifteenth and twenty-third day of the tenth month). The others have one intersection each, for example, the nineteenth day of the first month is the day of special worship of the Fravashis.


== Original 1st Month ==
There is some evidence that suggests that in ancient practice Dae was the first month of the year (implying Frawardin as the last). In a 9th century text, Zoroaster's age at the time of his death is stated to have been 77 years and 40 days (Zadspram 23.9), but from the traditional "birthday" (6th of Frawardin) to his "death day" (11th of Dae) is 185 days not the "40 days" unless the "birthday" (6th of Frawardin) was the last month of the year thru 5 Gatha days to his "death day" (11th of Dae) in the first month of the year. There is further evidence that Deh was the 1st month (without requiring Furvardin being last). A comparable study with Egyptian dates might help explain: (Farvardin 6 occurs five days after its equivalent name Koyak 6; Dae 11 occurs five days after its equivalent name Thoth 11, the new year month that does have five Epagum days before it. It is thus 40 days from Zoroastrian Adur 6 to Dae 11, as it is Egyptian Mesor 6 to Thoth 11, if the Gatha days are before Dae, as the Epagum days are before Thoth. But this then implies Adur 6 and Farvardin 6 were confused by Zoroaster priests.


== Confusion between Frawardin Month and Frawardin the 19th Day ==
Since the 19th day of every month is Farvardin, including Adur (Mesor), and Deh (Thoth), and Farvardin (Koyak). The festival of Frawardigan is held on the last days of the year, instead of following the name-day feast of the Fravashis (nineteenth day of the month of Frawardin, and also called Frawardigan). which would be Adur (Mesor) if the original 1st month was Deh (Thoth). So the 6th day of Farvardin Day could be the 24th (Din) of Adur (Mesor), the 6th of Farvardin Day could be the 24th of Deh (Thoth), or the 6th of Farvardin Day could be the 24th of Farvardin (Koyak), both dates (12-24 and 10-24) being Egyptian cross-solstice (christmas) dates for the 12th month and 10th month, as is our Julian 12th month December which means 10th month. The following 40-day correlation exists for 2020 BC and Cyrus 560 BC (in 1460-year Sothic cycle):

original Zoroaster to Cyrus
2021 BC Dec 24 to 2020 BC Feb 2
561 BC Dec 24 to 560 BC Feb 2
= Middle Kingdom Mesore 14 thru no epagum to Thoth 24
= New Kingdom Mesor 19 thru five epagum to Thoth 24
= Persian Mesor 14 thru five epagum to Thoth 19
= Zoroastrian Adur 14 thru no Gatha to Thoth 24 

As you can see the 19th day (Farvardin) as the 1st day of Farvardin and five days later the 24th being the 6th day of Farvardin are Dec 24 (Mesor 19) or Feb 2 in all four calendars. The Mayan calendar calls these two dates the new year Pop 0 (Phoph 0 derived from Thoth 0) and 40 days later Uo 0, (In 2020 BC, ending on the Chinese 60-day calendar cycle day KiahTse /JiaZi). This fits the poem of a spirit Xisuthros who speaks to priests of Babel for 40 days following the death of Noah who then becomes raised in 40 days as a Hindu trinity christ (Vishnu between good Brahma and destroyer Siva).


== The 40 days plus 77 Cycles ==
Zoroaster's 77 cycles (not years) supports this original Zoroaster as being the return of Noah in Cyrus. Though Cyrus celebrates a Sothic 1460 years of 2020 BC in 560 BC, previous errors in ancient chronology have also used 557 BC apparently being 1463 years is 77x the 19-year lunar cycle. But the new moon of 2021 BC Dec 27 expected to return as 1463 years is more accurately a new moon of 561 BC Dec 26 in 1460 years rather than the 1463 years to new moon of 558 BC Dec 23.


== Confusions ==
1st month Farvardin same as day 19
2nd month same as day 3
3rd month same as day 6
4th month same as day 13
5th month same as day 7
6th month same as day 4
7th month same as day 12
8th month same as day 10
9th month same as day 9
11th month same as day 2
12th month Aspendadmad (day 5 = Aspundad)