Patristic etc. Revising of Chronolgy from NT to Egyptian Exodus of Hebrews

[Brianroy]

Introduction:  From Christ ... back to Homer

There appears to be a certainty among the ancients that Christ was crucified in the second year of the 192nd Olympiad. By examining the Greek histories dealing with the Olympics, and historical markers along the way, we can more deeply appreciate the freshness and vitality of the history of the New Testament, and of Christ. Further, we find, that from the Greeks themselves, they have family ties to Egypt through the Hyksos; the Syrians who oppressed the Jews as Egyptians (cf. Isaiah 52:4); and that the Romans are themselves, de facto Greek cousins, and co-descendants of these same Hyksos.

The reckoning of ancient histories outside the Bible is often a task of trying to complete a puzzle that is not clear to many ancient historians themselves. It is easier to attack the Bible, rather than to hold the same thoughtful consideration in reconstructing facts through the historical dative methods, et al.

To this day, there is hostility to biblical history spoken by those closest to the events. 

The Church Fathers utilized the Greeks’ own histories against them. I have found that they could often do so successfully -- as long as they refrained to the reckoning within the first two millennia B.C. To the untrained eye, at the first, the numbers reckoning the years appear quite wild; but to the trained eye, knowing the use of Greek means of reckoning in the period in which the debate takes place, it is within the confinement of “reasonability” in a pre-calculator society.

The inability to understand ancient Greek history with certainty prior to Alexander the Great, may be summed up in this way: ‘The greatest difficulty lies with the Greek historians themselves, who were often wildly at variance with one another in their reckonings.’ And it is true, that when you have variances and debates of up to 420 or even 500 years difference among the Greek historians themselves, you have to really find whom the more reliable and non-speculative source data might be.

This search is exacerbated by modern academic hypocrisy when it comes to acceptance of ancient testimonies in regard to non-biblical history versus biblical history.   Non-biblically related Greek and Roman histories are often accepted almost without question as if Gospel, and Gospel is scorned as fable or myth-making.   Virtue is pooh-poohed upon 1100 and 1200 year severances between oldest manuscripts extant and its Greek and Roman original authors, with no chain of custody accountability in between. In contrast, the New Testament has over 24,000 more manuscripts extant, with portions to within a generation (30 - 40 years) of one of its authors, John the Apostle; and within two or three generations from others. Yet, the New Testament is attacked relentlessly.

In the case of the study of the chronologies of the ancient Greeks, the best handle of some of the wild variances their ancient historians gave for who did what, and when, -- in reference to the ages prior to the Olympiads, -- appears to have been grasped by early Church Fathers: Theophilus, Julius Africanus, Clement of Alexandria.

Julius Africanus tells us,
“Up to the time of the Olympiads there is no certain history among the Greeks, all things before that date being confused, and in no way consistent with each other.
But these Olympiads were thoroughly investigated (hekribonto) by many, as the Greeks made up the records of their history
 -- not according to long spaces, but
-- in periods of 4 years.”
 (Julius Africanus, fragment extant 13.1)

Even with the noteworthy Galilean Israelite, Josephus, there is a chronic margin of error, and inconsistency, that plagues his formulation and calculations as well.

Therefore, if we can place our calculations within a generation of the actual events, using Greek reckoning of how they arrived at such calculations, we are to consider ourselves within their own margin of error.

The following formula is probably as close as we can get in trying to establish what calculations the ancient Patristic writers and Josephus used.

The Formula

1) The Greeks who existed before Cyrus I conquering Babylon in circa 539 B.C., reckoned their years upon a 10-month or ca. 305-day calendar (Theophilus to Autolycus, 3.27).  This was probably due to glacier recession on the European continent altering consistent seasonal reckonings.

Using the example of how the Hebraic 480 years of I Kings 6:1 is tabulated:
-- Pre-539 B.C., against a 10-month calendar of about 305 days. Hence, equal to Josephus' tabulation of 592 years in Antiquities, 8.3.1., according to what he calls as a "Macedonian" Greek calendar.

This is a fraction of about .8106 - .8108 of a now observed calendar year of 365.25 days. In other words, for every 81 years we have, they would have reckoned 100 years in their calculations in the pre-539 B.C. period.

2) It was with Cyrus I in Babylon, that the Greeks reckoned a 48-month cycle for each Olympiad in place of the 40-month cycle (Julias Africanus, Fragment 13 -.3). --Post-539 B.C., we are to calculate against a 12-month calendar.

3) According to Herodotus, by his era, the Greek calendar became reckoned as 12 months of 30 days, with every other year being given an extra inter-calculated month of 30 days -- Year 1 being 360 days, and Year 2 being 390 days, and then repeating itself thereafter (Herodotus, Histories, 1.33).
-- From 539 B.C. to 46 B.C., the average Macedonian / Greek year appears to have become tabulated on average of 375 days long: being 360 days 1 year, then 390 the next.  So this era of 46-539 B.C. is the point of the greatest trouble in calculating actual years in Greek reckonings.

4) In 46 B.C., the Greeks adopted the standard Roman or Julian calendar of 365 days. In that particular year, adjustments were made, and 46 B.C appears to have been 445 days long.

5) The Olympiads were suspended during the Peloponnesian Wars, thus there lies a possibility of adding a 13-year addendum to any reckoning exclusively by Olympiads. My personal calculations, taking all data into advisement, point to a loss of 2 Olympiads, or another 8 years of common reckoning, during this period.

Inter-calulatory era:

As covered above, we are gaining time in our inter-calculatory period before the standard Roman calendar, and the auto-implementation of a 360-day Persian calendar. This adds one full year of inter-calculation between 46 B.C. and 539 B.C., for every 61 years that we must reckon within the confines of these years only. In short, a total of 8 years become now as variable. There appears to be a lack of consistent solar and lunar adjustments to the annual cycles, so that one Olympic might occur in summer, another in springtime, and yet another in winter; and still be true to their calendars.

It is questionable as to whether this variable is to be “factored-in” by the Patristic fathers - who must inter-calculate the Greek historical example they cite. If, however, we take the hypothetical example that the Greek reverts to the Macedonian calendar in 336 B.C.; after Herodotus’ histories -- we then find the reversion to the 10-month year of about 305 days. This will be the Macedonian influence of Philip and Alexander upon Greece, and the process (as respecting Greek calendar reckoning), thus reverts to the pre-Cyrian inter-calculation of times for only 336 B.C. to 46 B.C. This too, without the aid of the modern convenience of a calculator, led to some discrepancies in citing the same calculation in different years in different letters or apologetics.

The art of comparative dative analysis is much like the sifting of modern intelligence data. While in the process of determining exegetical accuracy, you can commit isogetical errors quite easily. The solution is to find a factual historical bane by which you can pinpoint and say, “Here. This year and event we know. Now, do the historians mention that point in time we know, and what is his calculations from that point in time?”

Julius Africanus tells us,

“…Cyrus became king of the Persians at the time of the 55th Olympiad,
as may be ascertained from the Bibliothecoe of Diodorus, and the
histories of Thallus and Castor, and from Polybius and Phlegon,
and others beside these, who have made the Olympiads a subject of
study. For the date is a matter of agreement among them all.
And Cyrus then, in the first year of his reign, which was the first year of the 55th Olympiad….” [ca.562 B.C.]

(Julius Africanus, Extant 13.2)


The Olympiad reckoning

Traditionally, the first Olympiad is thought to have occurred around 776 B.C. In reality, the early Olympiads, which contained 4 years of 10 months each, first started when Ahaz reigned in his first year in Jerusalem, in 741 B.C. (Julius Africanus, Fragment 15).

Therefore, any year before 741 B.C. is pre-Olympic history to the Greeks. By being able to balance proper Biblical Chronology early on, we can more properly reckon the older dates of both Greek and Hebrew Histories as presented in Patristics. 


It is entirely important that we know that 741 B.C., like the Diaspora of 586 B.C., be a fixed year and immutable. Once such a year is fixed firmly, such as the Bible does do for us, we can then springboard with greater accuracy as to what the testimony of the past really is.

When discussing their histories in the Olympic periods of 741 B.C., onwards: the Greeks took care to designate an event as happening in the number of the Olympiad, and the year. Each Olympiad being a cycle of four years, they would thus say: “In the first year of the 12th Olympiad”, so-and-so did thus-and-thus. Therefore, we can calculate that 11 cycles of 4 years at the correct annual fraction to have occurred. This is 44 times that fraction from 741 B.C., or to circa 705 to 704 B.C. (for example), for such-and-such a one, doing thus-and-thus.

Preferably, in regards to the Greeks, the calculations should be limited to within the times of the first settlements of Attica, which appear to have begun as little as 40 years before the Israelite Exodus from Egypt.

By both a biblical Redating and some comparative Greek reckoning, that date of the Israelite Exodus occurred on or about First fruits, the 17th of Nisan, in the spring of 1551 B.C.



Properly dating Homer.

One example of using the Patristic reckoning of Greek history is found in the dating of Homer, the author of many Greek myths and false deities. But in order to date Homer, we also need to date the fall of Troy.

During the times of the 62nd Olympiad, Heraclitus wrote that the Trojan War and the First Olympiad were separated by 407 [10-month] years (Clement, Miscellanies, 1.21).

 By that reckoning, the Trojan War ends in 1071 B.C. But Clement also cites the Greek historian Eratosthenes, who appears to “phrase” an oversight to historians.

a) From the capture of Troy to the descent (or expedition) of the Heraclidae: are 80 [10-month] years

b) From the Heraclidae to the founding of Ionia: are 60 [10-month] years

c) From the Heraclidae to the protectorate of Lycurgus: are 159 [10-month] years

d) From the protectorate of Lycurgus to the First Olympiad: are 108 [10-month] years

First Assumption ------------------------------- Actual Testimony

1070 B.C. --- The fall of Troy ------------------ 1032 B.C.
1005 B.C.--- The descent of Heraclidae --- ----957 B.C.
957 B.C.---- Ionia is founded --- -----------------909 B.C.
828 B.C.--- The “Protectorate of Lycurgus” --- 828 B.C.
741 B.C. ---- The First Olympiad ----------------- 741 B.C.

In the above, we find that the testimony hinges on a double reckoning from the descent of Heraclidae. Once this ‘double reckoning’ is established as being the ‘actual intent’ of the Greek historian: it is then corrected, and the Greek reckoning falls in line with the biblical testimony.

It also casts a light of importance on the ‘double reckoning’ as well, because to Eratosthenes, the descent of the Heraclidae is a major calculable event in Greek history. Therefore, prior to the Olympics, the Greeks must have used this as an event year from which to reckon from for about 216 years actual, or about 256 years on their calendars.

In analyzing this period, we find that the late Second Century A.D. scholar of Alexandria, Egypt, -- Clement of Alexandria -- cites Homer as having been an Egyptian, and not a Greek.

Like Herodotus, Clement lists all sorts of dates that various ancient Greeks have speculated through the centuries on the man called Homer. The most reliable of these historians, tells us that Homer died 90 years before the first Olympiad (Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies 1.15, 1.21).

Taken after the percentage of what a 10-month year is to a 12-month year, we then calculate 90 years times that fraction to achieve a death of Homer in 814 B.C. (the calculation being now about 73 years prior to the First Olympiad).

 His birth, according to Philochorus, was 180 years after the Trojan War (Clement, Miscellanies, 1.21). After the calculation of 180 years times the inter-calculatory fraction, the Greek percentage of a 10-month versus the later 12-month calendar, we find that Homer was born in 886 B.C. Therefore, by reckoning Greek history from fixed dates, we find that Homer died in his 71st or 72nd year of life. No more, and no less.

[Brianroy]

A Matter of Perspective

There is never a serious debate as to whether Homer was a man or a woman among the ancients.   There is never a truly serious debate as to whether Homer existed. The debate among the ancient Greeks, however, did rage about the period in which Homer lived in.

The same kind of debate is reminiscent of what should be said in our own day, regarding the reign of David, king of Israel. There is no real debate of King David’s existence in the ancients. Instead, the record is silent of such Orwellian rewriters of history...perhaps moreso to ease their consciences than scholarly investigation in lower critical support for such wild hypotheses.

There is no debate on whether Christ existed in the First Century as a real person: even by hostile writers who lived in His times, and within a generation after Him. Why is that? Why are those who are closest to the times unwilling to challenge the existence of Christ, or David who preceded Him by over 1,000 years, or Moses who preceded David by some 500 years more?

The answer is, because the ancients cannot always be held responsible for the intoxicated canards of its future generations. If the future descendants choose to discard truth for a lie, and live on in an hallucinogenic state, they do it willingly -- knowingly --and of their own free will.   An unwilling mind can learn to talk himself into disbelieving just about anything.

Josephus' alternating Gr./Heb.  calculations open the way:

The calculation of the last year of the Trojan War is affirmed in the ancient witnesses utilized by the Church Fathers: as being about 1031 - 1034 B.C. Now 1031 - 1032 B.C. is the 4th year of Solomon’s reign -- making both King Solomon, and his father David, as of an older date than we are lead by modern “Intellectuals” will lead you to believe.

Using a separate Jewish calendar,
 Josephus: reckons a total of 477 years and 6 months between the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C., and the building of Jerusalem by King David (Josephus, Wars of the Jews 6.10.).

This places David in Jerusalem in ca. January-February of 1063 B.C.

But in his Antiquities of the Jews, 8.3.1. Josephus uses the reckoning of the familiar Greek calendar (of his Roman audiences) to state that Solomon built the Temple 592 years after the Hebrew Exodus, before switching gears and reverting to the Jewish calendar of reckoning again.

Josephus knows the Scriptures use 480 years, as according to Hebrew reckoning, in I Kings 6:1.

The Greek calendar years of 592 times our inter-calculatory fraction is about 480.05 …or rounded off, 480 years.

In Antiquities of the Jews, 20.10.1, in discussing the lineage of the high priests from Moses to the A.D. 70 destruction of Jerusalem; Josephus gives a similar length of time (612 short years). When calculated against our inter-calculatory fraction, we are given a new insight into Biblical History.

Josephus cites a rule of the high priesthood for the last 16 years of the 40 years in the wilderness, when Moses was 104 - 120 years old. This was followed, again, by a 480-year gap between the entry into the Promised Land by Joshua, and the Temple of Solomon’s dedication.1

Thus, Josephus also uses this methodology for preservation of Jewish history, when mentioning the Greek calendar, in Caesar’s library.

 The testimony of the Galilean Israelite, Josephus, is that he agrees with the Greek reckoning that puts King David, in Jerusalem and building it, in circa 1060 to 1063 B.C.!

It appears that a few years elapsed before the actual major construction began. Thus, David’s reign is calculated to have begun no more recent or later than 1075 to 1070 B.C David reigned in Jerusalem for 33 years, and based on Josephus’ calculations, until ca. 1037 to 1036 B.C. (I Kings 2:11).

Therefore, for Solomon to dedicate the Temple in the fourth year of his reign (2 Kings 6:1), and for it to be 480 years after coming into the land from the Exodus: the Exodus entry into Canaan must date to ca. 1512 - 1511 B.C.

In I Kings 6:1, the literal reading show us that “…it was 480 years from the lasa’ah of the children of Israel from the Land of Egypt.” That is, it was the finishing moment, the end destination, the conclusion to -- leaving Egypt, being the end of 40 years in the wilderness, and the feet of all Israelites touching both sides of the Jordan. This makes the entry a certainty at 1511-1512 B.C.

This is hundreds of years before Rameses, and places the Exodus as being during the reign of the Hyksos! Therefore, Rameses now becomes Ra- Ameses or Ra-Amosis: ‘the wicked and afflicted Ameses’. Can that really be? The Egyptians priests, such as Ptolemy of Mendes, in his 3 volume work “Chronology”, cites “Amosis” as being king during the Hebrew Exodus; Inachus being his contemporary in the colony of Greece (Clement, Miscellanies, 1.21).

 In the same source, we read that Dionysius of Halicarnassus, in his “Times”, told the ancients that the Argolic states were founded first by Inachus, and later evolved to the Hellenic states of his day. There are some who would tell us Ah-mose was a woman ruler, and that Thutmose I was the husband. So, what is the truth?


Pharaoh Histories in  Chronological turmoil

In examining the Chronology of the Pharaohs that is recounted by Manetho, we find that unlike the Bible, the histories of Egyptian rulers are F.U.B.A.R.2

Modern Egyptology fails miserably in attempting to reckon its dates to any accuracy near the Biblical record. We are then to understand by the priests of Egypt, through Herodotus, that there are 330 rulers of Egypt from its beginnings until his time in the 450s B.C.

Upon closer examination, this is not the case. We find that the same ruler of Egypt may go by several names during his reign, and that a vice-Pharaoh subjoins him. That is, a Chief Executive Officer, and his Chief Operating Officer rule Egypt. There is also a sub-division under this of an upper and Lower Egypt that is also portioned out, in which the number of rulers multiply, while the generations reduce yet again. So if for 800 years, Pharaohs “A” rule upper Egypt, while Pharaohs “B” rule lower Egypt, and each have 25 generations: then the number of Pharaohs become 50, with 50 more vice-Regents. There, in just 800 years, you now have 100 of the required 330. If each of the Pharaohs alone have a second identifying name in those 800 years, we now add another 50 names to the 330 cited by the Egyptian priests to Herodotus, and have now reached almost half our required number: 150 of 330. That is a total of 150 or almost half the required number of the 330, in just 800 years!

The notion of a neat and orderly chronology, as Egyptologists try to fancy, just obliterates like the tobacco off the end of a lit cigarette.

The dilemma becomes a question of who was really the de facto potentate. In the Bible, we have clear distinctions of Israel and Judah and its kings, their names and years of rule, and their genealogies. In Egyptology, we have guesswork. Upon closer examination of Manetho’s 3rd Century B.C. Histories of Egypt, we find that A-mosis is really both Ahmose, and Tethmosis (Thummosis) - the son of Alisphragmuthosis. Under his leadership, says Josephus in Against Apion 1.14, while citing Manetho, 480,000 Egyptians rallied around the city of Avaris, and expelled the Hyksos families of those who perished in the Red Sea with their king, Assiss (Asehre Khamudi). These families were expelled along the northern route out of the country, and settled in Judea.

In Manetho’s Chronology, through Josephus, we find a man called “Jonias” as the Greek equivalent of the Hyksos name of Moses’ step-grandfather. Modern Egyptologists disbelieve his existence, although he reigned 50 years and 1 month, his name -- and the length of his rule -- having been stricken from the histories by them. When dealing with this kind of mutilation of history, one is at the mercy of the prevailing opinions of the field, until the carnival tricks and literary slights of hand be exposed for what they are. This is why the Bible is so much superior to any religion or history of the world: it is consistent, it is reliable, it is verifiable, it is historical and outside the bounds of ready alterations, and it is above rational reproach -- against any work the world has to offer in its place.

Manetho’s Time-line adjusted and reconstructed -- B.C. format:
Dates and months are approximated to Manetho.

Name --------------- ----------------Reign

Tethmosis - Amosis   March 1551 B.C. to July 1526 B.C. 25 Years 4 mos.

Chebron                   July 1526 B.C. to November 1513 B.C.
13 years

Amenophis                November 1513 B.C. to July 1491 B.C.
20 years 7 mos.

Amesses (Hatsheput) July 1491 B.C. to April 1469 B.C.
21 years 9 mos.

Memphres                 April 1469 B.C. to February 1456 B.C.
12 years 9 mos.

Memphramuthosis     February 1456 B.C. to October 1432 B.C.
25 years 10 mos.

Tethmosis (II)           October 1432 B.C. to June 1422 B.C.
9 Years 8 mos.

Amenophis (II) - Osiris3    June 1422 B.C. to April 1391 B.C.
(Gk. diety as- Bacchyus) 30 Years 10 mos. (credited as though unbroken)
(Gk. diety as  Dionysus) w/ Queen Isis4

Orus                           April 1391 B.C. to February 1354 B.C.
(Gk. diety as Apollo)5 36 Years 10 months

Acenchres                  February 1354 B.C. to March 1342 B.C.
(Ikhnaton/Amenhotep’s wife) 12 years 1 month
(Egyptian - Nefertiti: “the beautiful one has arrived”)
(Gk. diety as  Artemis/Diana)6

Rathotis                   March 1342 B.C. to March 1333 B.C.
(Egyptian - Tutankhamen) 9 years

Acencheres (I)          March 1333 B.C. to August 1321 B.C.
12 years 5 mos.

Acencheres (II)        August 1321 B.C. to November 1308 B.C.
12 years 3 mos.

Armais                       November 1308 B.C. to December 1304 B.C.
4 years 1 mos.

Ra-Ameses (I)           December 1304 B.C. to March 1302 B.C.
1 year 4 mos.

Armesses (Miamoun)  March 1302 B.C. to May 1242 B.C.7
(perhaps Ra-Ameses II) 60 years 2 mos.

Amenophis (III)          May 1242 B.C. to November 1223 B.C.8
19 years 6 mos.

Sethosis                 November 1223 B.C. to November 1210 B.C.9
13 years

Ra-Ameses (III)10    November 1210 B.C. to November 1143 B.C.
67 years

---------------------------------------------------------------
1 There were only 13 high priests ruling in all that time. 480 divided by 13 is about 37 years per high priest’s tenure. Contrast this with the 28 appointed high priests in the 107 years from Herod I to Titus’ conquest, in which the average high priest served for a little less than 4 years because of robbery and political corruption of the office.


2 A clear example can be seen in lineage trees that are drawn up for the dynastic families. One tree actually shows that Thutmosis - Isis - Akhenaten all share the same era of rule as though brothers and sisters, children of Amenhotep III and Tiye (Archaeology, Mar/Apr 2002, “All in the Family” by Mark Rose, p.22). It is a high affront and insult, for Egyptologists (in general) to reckon demands for stringent requirements of lineage upon Hebraic Kings and take great fabrication liberties and myth-making endeavors upon their own craft. If the world of academia did not take them so seriously, we would be permitted to equate their historical Egyptology “craft”, (at times), with base humor and thespian slapstick. Josephus is clearly at odds with these modern historians, citing that “Pharoah” was as much a “household” representation of the royal family as was “Caesar”. We would not place Brittanicus, son of Claudius, as a ruler of the Roman Empire simply because he was called a “Caesar”. But that is exactly what Egyptologists do with the history of the Pharaohs.

3 What few bones were left of Osiris, (if there are any), was buried under the Sphinx of Egypt, about 300 feet below the surface. (e.g., Archaeology, Sep/Oct 2000, “Tales from the Crypt” by Angela M.H. Schuster, pp. 30-33).

4 Isis was known as IO, Ceres, and Demeter among the Greeks. Demeter was known as the goddess of grain harvests. Therefore, upon marriage to Osiris, she not only brought culture to Greece, she was its grain benefactor as well.

5 The Tel Amarna tablets are written to the Sun deity, Orus (a type of counterfeit Messiah): in 1384 B.C. His city, and that of his father, is Heliopolis. The Greeks name the “sun” as “Helios”. Thus, to the Greeks, Heliopolis becomes the city of the sun deity, Apollo. The Romans call the sun after the Greek as “Teitan” or “titan”. In the Greek, this designation corresponds Gematrically to 666, the number of Anti-Christ and the Beast (Irenaeus, Against Heresies, 5.30.3). In Greece, the priestesses of Delphi conferred “oracles” in Apollo’s name, being a cult of ‘Apollo’.

6 Artemis / Diana continued the work of her mother or grandmother as a benefactor of Attica. In Rome, she was remembered as the one who brought about the wharves of the Tiber, and fed Rome from Egypt -- justifying Rome’s relationship with the breadbasket economics of Egyptian wheat.

The Greeks may also have called her as Kore / Persephone, who was raped by her father (identified for us here as Osiris) by force. This activity appears to deal with the mother of Nefertiti as being either the victim of, or the offspring of Osiris. Based on the Chronology of Manetho, the raped child would have to have been anywhere from 1-10 years of age at the time of such an occurrence. This act was the reason why Osiris was slain by his own brother, who chopped him to pieces, scattering him to the far reaches of Egypt; to which we now call Osiris ‘Hades’, and ‘Pluto’, and the “Sphinx’ (under which what was left of Osiris is thought to be buried. Yet, this later offspring of rape is deified as love and beauty, whose Egyptian worshipers remembered her mother and grandmother’s angst by ritually beating their breasts.

As Nefertiti, Artemis/Diana married an Ethiopian  from Thebes who moved the capitol from Thebes to Amarna. Amarna was about 130 miles north of the then Ethiopian controlled region of Egypt, and was probably a marriage contract for peace between two nations. Together, Nefertiti and her husband worshipped a sun deity, (the “Helios”) -- her deified “brother” Horus, whom was later, renamed “Apollo” in Greek adaptation of the mythology, was more than likely her uncle.

Egypt refused to continue abandonment of all its other deities upon her death, supposedly some 13 years after assuming the throne. Amarna wall inscriptions show she lost at least one child in its infancy, but that she was happily married with several children. The Egyptians eventually revolted against the racial crossbreeding of their queen, erasing her memory across Egypt; and then reinventing her history through worship and the mythology of Artemis/Diana. Although Orus was remembered as “a deity among the many”, there was never again a sole deity of Egypt.

7 In 1292 B.C., Saturn/Bellus comes into prominence, colonizing families Greece, Crete, and Italy (which is then called ‘lesser Greece’). The Jews call the Romans the children of Bel, and Beelzebub. Thus, the act of slandering another Jew by this name, is the same as accusing that one of being a ****, or illegitimate child of Roman stock, without the furnishing of proof.
In 1271 B.C., Ceres / Isis is deified by both Greeks and Egyptians, perhaps being the 100th anniversary of her death.

8 In 1231 B.C., Tyre is founded, either within or just beyond Egyptian military influence. The lineage is traced directly from Saturn, a Hyksos descendant born in the Egyptian colony of Greece.

9 The Babylonian language wanes as the universal - language of communication in the Middle East’s eastern Mediterranean region, circa 1211 B.C., as Egypt begins to expand its influence yet again.

10 This Ra-Ameses is listed in Judges 13:1 as being at Kadesh, 331 years after the Exodus!!! The testimony, as discussed in the next section, is supported by a victory relief in Karnak, Egypt. The fact that the myth of a wrong Ra-ameses, and other factual errors have existed for centuries, was probably based more on anti-Semitic and anti-Christian bias, than upon historic fact. Even just a few casual observations, discussed in the next section, make this clear.

[Brianroy]

Greek origins from Egypt

In circa 1580 to 1568 B.C., a group of colonists from Hyksos controlled Egypt, led by a mixed breed (probably Hyksos-Egyptian) called Inachus, settled in the harbor in what would become known as Attica (and later, Athens).

These colonists spoke Attic, or a variant of Syriac-Babylonian. Some scholars will call it a Semitic dialect. From this colonization until the Doric Invasion, the average generation was reckoned as anywhere from 20 to 33 years. It would be safe to say about 25 - 27 years, to the Greeks of pre-1000 B.C., to be the length of a generation.

Prior to the Trojan War, both the Greeks and the Egyptian Homer reckon Greece to be populated by “Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans” (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 1.3).

From the time of Inachus to the Trojan War, are 20 Attic generations.

In 1016 B.C., the Dorian invasion brought the Doric language to Greece (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 1.12).

In 909 B.C., the Ionic language took root there. In later centuries, Greece also came to possess an Aeolic and a Koine (common) language. It is by this last language that we have come to possess the New Testament. But more importantly, in the third century B.C.: through Egypt, we receive a translation of the Old Testament (known as the LXX or the Septuagint) as well.

The Greeks, in their culture and philosophy, --are intertwined like strands on a rope-- with Egypt for over 1,000 years.

First, we have the era of Ogygus (ca. 1551 B.C.), then with the marriage of Ceres seven short generations later.

This is followed by the settlement of the navies of Danaus. Sethos, whom called himself Aegyptus (Josephus, Against Apion, 1.26), was brother to Danaus.

Danaus also goes by the name of Hermeus. Tertullian, in his Apology, .19 calls him as “the most ancient name” of the Romans. That honor is exclusive, and suggests the lineage of Rome’s rulers as being, in part, as from the families of the Pharaohs. Later, we see the Greek settlements on the Nile and in the Delta, and so on.


The Biblical, Greek, and Egyptian points to ponder


1) In Egyptology, we find that there is a relief that celebrates Raameses victory at Kadesh in 1180 B.C. This same victory is recorded in Judges 13:1, which the biblical record of successions tells us, is 331 years AFTER THE EXODUS. Therefore, this Pharaoh is not the one who died in the Red Sea during the Hebrew Exodus in the era of the Hebrew Judges of Israel, who judged IN ISRAEL.


2) Kadesh: 31 years earlier. In Judges 11:26, Jephthaa speaks of 300 years having passed from the entry of the Hebrews into Israel, to his time. The Judges, like Jephthaa, are more so contemporaneous with the Tell El-Amarna tablets, than is the Exodus to its contents. The tablets, dated by some to ca. 1375 - 1358 B.C., calls for Egypt to deliver the Philistine Lords from their ‘apiru” or ‘habiru’ oppressors.
 Archer, Gleason L. “A Survey of Old Testament Introduction,” Chicago: Moody Press, ©1964,
p. 164, (1974 edition.); cf. pp.241,289-295 (1994 edition.)


In 1422 B.C., Amenophis ruled Egypt, until 1391 B.C. Osiris is known as the deity of Heliopolis. In the reign of Amenophis, there were ambassadors “sent out to those shepherds driven out of the land (of Egypt) by Tethmosis, to the city of Jerusalem, whereby he informed them of his own affairs…” (Josephus, Against Apion. 1.26.). The result of this communication forges an alliance between the Rephaims and Philistines with Egypt, against the local Israeli Hebrew population.

If this is the case, this supports the validity for and the era of the Tel Amarna tablets. These Babylonian linguistic tablets from the Philistines to Egypt are to be dated to circa 1384 B.C., when: 1) Ehud, the son of Gera, of the tribe of Benjamin, delivers the Israelites from Eglon (Judges 3:16 -20); and 2) Shamgar, the son of Anath, kills 600 Palestinian men with an ox goad the same year (Judges 3:31).

The Hyksos, former masters in Egypt, only 167 years after their concurrent Exodus through the northern Sinai, were servants of Egypt in Israel. In Canaan/Israel, the once oppressive Hyksos were, in turn, afflicted by the Hebrews: and resorted to asking Egyptians (who their ancestors despised as weak), for archers as protection against the Hebrew judges and a popular uprising.

In 1391 B.C., Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis was upon the throne. Isis, says Clement of Alexandria, in Miscellanies 1.21. will be deified in what we may reckon as somewhere near 1271 B.C.

The Romans over a thousand years later, will worship her as Demeter: the deity of the fruitful and bountiful earth, and the “protector of marriage”. Her son, Horus, also is -- centuries later -- remembered by the Greeks, and thought of as a deity: Apollo. His sister, Acenchres (called “Nefertiti”), is Artemis and Diana. She ruled from 1354 B.C. until 1342 B.C. through Ikhnaton (Amenhotep IV). Her successor from 1342 to 1333 B.C. was Rathotis (a.k.a., Tutankhamen). Thus, the Tell Amarna tablets become a type of formula for prayers or requests to the fabricated deities Apollo (Horus) and Diana (Acenchres), for deliverance from the Jews, and the One True Faith in YHVeH.

3) In the Tell El-Amarna tablets, the Philistine lords or city-kings, communicate to Egypt in the Babylonian language…not in Egyptian. Why? One tablet speaks of Gezer having fallen, along with Ashkelon and Lachish. In Joshua 16:10, 21:21; and Judges 1:29; we find that Gezer was portioned as half-Jewish priests with their families and half-Canaanite. The Babylonian language entered the land with distinction in ca. 1450 B.C. with the invasion of Chushanrishathamin (Judges 3: , and remained the language of trade from 1450 B.C. until ca. 1211 B.C., some 239 years later. This example we see again with the Hellenization of the region and the influence of the Greek language over 1,000 years later.

4) In Isaiah 52:4, we find the Jewish history that those who oppressed the Jews in Egypt before the Exodus were not Egyptian at all: they were Syrian or Assyrian. In other words, the only peoples that fit this description within Egypt during the era in question: are the Hyksos, who came out of Syria-Assyria and into Egypt, because the Hittites were too strong for them to defend against at the time. This brings into Egypt the language of Aram, which is later characterized as Syriac-Babylonian.

Therefore, the language of Moses and of the Hyksos was a separation of distinctions or dialect of the same general mother tongue. To not be immersed and familiar with the characterizations and recent slang might cause one to stammer and stutter in conversing with those who use certain unfamiliar idioms regularly. This is perhaps what Moses meant in his asking GOD for, and receiving, a helper in Exodus 4:10-16.

[Brianroy]

The Tidal Wave, the Exodus, and Greco-Egyptian deities

Julius Africanus records that the Greek historians call the Great Cataclysm, “the Flood of Ogygus”, or like terminology (Julius Africanus, Fragments, .12, .13.4).

They remained following the last great Krakatoa-like explosion of Santorini in 1551 B.C., which occurred simultaneously with the Dead Sea crossing.  After the deaths of Phoroneus and hundreds of colonists, only Ogygus and a handful of survivors remained. There is no doubt that the nations in that era, such as Crete, and the Hittite Empire, must have also sustained damage in that same cataclysm or massive Tidal Wave.

There is no contesting this Cataclysmic event as happening, or of the year or month or day of its happening among the ancients. Only Philochorus challenged the name of Ogygus’ successor, Acteus, as having never existed, and apparently, he was a lone dissenter. He probably considered Apis, the son of Phoroneus, who is deified as a bull in Memphis of Egypt, as the successor.

The first official king in Attica following the Flood and gradual repopulation was Cecrops, in circa 1398 B.C.

From the Flood to the First Olympiad, there were reckoned 1020 10-month years. That is, 827 12-month years.

If subtracted from 741 B.C., we come to a year of 1568 B.C. However, with the double reckoning of the “descent of the Heraclidae”, we find that we can allow for the plus or minus of a generation of up to 25-27 years. Doing this, we fall within our margin of error and within the justified criticism of the consistency in the Greek reckoning of years prior to the Olympiads.

Polemo, in his “Greek History”, volume I, recorded how that a division of the Egyptian Army left Egypt and settled in Canaan, following the tidal wave: Apis, the Son of Phoroneus of Attica being among the survivors of the Cataclysm. (Julius Africanus, Fragments, 13.6.).

In Egyptology, Apis is the bull, (the stud who repopulates by being oversexed, much like the oversexed Osiris) but the Greeks call him “Epaphus” - the intensive of “upon informing secretly of crimes in progress” (Herodotus, Histories, 2.153).12

As Dionysus, the deity of the vine and wine, we find that Osiris is also a known habitual drunkard. Understanding these Greek and Egyptian labels, we may conclude that he may also have practiced a sexual deviancy, which we now label as sado-masochism. The ancient Egyptians thought upon Apis as the deity of cataclysms and disaster. After a disaster, the Egyptians are called to celebrate and make merry to Apis (Herodotus, Histories, 3.27). Apis is deified in Memphis as the bull of Ptah, making him out to be an Egyptian son. Memphis, as referred to by the Greeks, translates as being “the house of the spirit of Ptah”.

Apis, as a festivity deity, is out-celebrated only by Osiris: whom the Greeks call Bacchyus and Dionysius, whom married Ceres, the daughter of Prometheus (Herodotus, Histories, 2.42, 2.49, 2.59, etc.). In return, Osiris brought Egyptian arms and civilization into Greece. Ceres became known as Isis among the Egyptians, and Demeter among the Romans in later centuries. To the Greeks, she became known as IO, the beginning of all time: “As of now, and forever, we have arrived”, might be a free translation of this. Osiris married Ceres, the Greeks claim, because of his sex drive.

 The Egyptians call Ceres or “Isis” the “moon”, perhaps as an idiom of Osiris first obsession with her. In honor of his memory, the phallic orgies of Greece were annually celebrated, with male organs of every size and material waved about; until drunken or - gies raged through the night by the torches and campfires.

It must be remembered, that these “adults” engaging in this activity were most often only from their mid-teens to their mid twenties; there being a life expectancy of no more than 33 years among the Greeks of the period from Osiris to the First Olympiad. So it probably also was with the ages of maturity in regards to those Hyksos who were forced to leave Egypt. They were most likely a largely “teen-and-under” population, with parents no older than in their 30s. What are believed to be the bones of parts of Osiris are buried deep beneath the Sphinx, which image represents the man and his se - xual appetite. During the festival of Isis, the people are called to beat their fists upon their chests for hours on end; symbolizing the grief that this man put Isis through.

He met his end by raping a young girl, who perhaps was the daughter of his own brother. Her offspring, either daughter or granddaughter, became Nefertiti to the Egyptians; but to the Greeks, she became the goddess "Artemis" /“Diana”.

Josephus relates that Manetho agrees with Polemo, stating that no fewer than 240,000 of the Hyksos (men, women, and children) left Egypt immediately (and peacefully), following a brief siege by native Egyptians (from Thebes) after the Red Sea crossing; and settled in Judea, -- even in and about Jerusalem (Josephus, Against Apion, 1.14). These were the very ones, being giants and Rephaim/Nephilim, who the spies of Israel, only days later, discovered and feared in Numbers 13:33.



Geo-climatic obstacles: a frozen pre-1000 B.C. Europe

The reason why the 10-month calendar existed in the first place probably had to do with the melting glaciers of Europe. In the pre-1000 B.C. era, much of what was north of the Balkans, and certainly north of the Danube, was glacial ice.

 In this period, and until after the Assyrian conquests of Israel in the 8th Century B.C., for example, Britain was called as the southern area of the Artic (i.e., polar) regions (Theophilus to Autolycus, 2.32).

 However, by the reign of Cyrus I, the region above the northern Mediterranean had stabilized. Slowly, civilization was migrating into the western and northern unsettled wildernesses. Why else, except for glacier flows, would Europe for so long been unexplored earlier? And within these regions allegedly lurked remnants of the dinosaur species, which still were known on occasions to kill “multitudes”. These dinosaur remnants were to be led astray out of the forest, and into an open plain; because they could be killed only by employing a proven technique and with hordes of warriors against it from all sides (Irenaeus, Against Heresies, 1.31.4).
This activity, of slaying dinosaurs, was a current necessity as late as 181 - 183 A.D. and was the means by which we have our dragon legends dating to as late as the 500s A.D. in our day. 

Tthe use of this key to understanding the Greek reckoning is a matter of willingness to apply the formula left behind for us, and to examine what is being passed down to us.

The Chronology of the ancients, some to greater and many to lesser degrees, will need to be re-evaluated and re-dated, and re-learned. Who would have thought that a real woman named Ceres married Osiris and became “Isis”, turning her homeland of Attica (Athens) into an enriched Egyptian colony?

 Or who would have thought that a tidal wave would have wiped Attica out a couple centuries earlier, when it was a minor settlement of the (Syriac-Babylonian) Hyksos who ruled Egypt, at the same time the Jews passed through the Red Sea on dry land? This too, is contained in the reckoning of the Greeks.

Julius Africanus, in Fragments 13.7, cites that Theopompus in his ‘Tricareneus’, stated that it should have been expected that Attica (Athens) would share in the judgments of the Exodus, of hail and storms, and to suffer with the Egyptians, as Attica was a colony descended from these same Egyptians.

Some call Danaus, uncle, and vice-Pharaoh (or “Administrative Regent”) with Rameses, as the most ancient name of origin among the Greeks who later settled Italy and became Romans (Tertullian, Apology, .19). This Danaus built many monuments and statues in tribute to his nephew all over Egypt, before taking his navy and settling Greece. We also learn that about 200 years later, some 20 “Greek” years after the Trojan War, in 1012 B.C., the Dorians conquered Greece, and the government of Ascanius began. Then, in just two generations (in 957 B.C.), these same oppressive Dorians sparked the “descent of the Heraclidae”: a mass migration to lesser Greece (Italy, and also Sicily - when as yet the Corinthian Sea had not emptied out to indicate that tidal wave that removed Sicily’s then land passage to Italy). Thus, the Syrians or Assyrians who migrated to Egypt as Hyksos, migrated to Greece, then migrated also to Italy, and later became the Romans.

Some of those Hyksos who migrated to Greece, also migrated to Tyre, becoming Tyrians, and some of those migrated to Carthage, becoming the Carthaginians to which Hannibal made his name of renown. This makes the Carthaginians and Romans as distant cousins. Strangely enough, the Hyksos were also related to the Anakims (Numbers 13:33) or “Nephilims”. Nephilims are translated as giants, but literally, it means “the fallen ones”, and is a direct reference to those who died in the Red Sea while pursuing Israel.

In Joshua 11:21-22, we see that --although they are later defeated -- they are pressed into an area and people from which Goliath the giant was from. For the Greek pirates of Crete and Greece, the Aegean Sea based “Philistines”; it was only natural for them to invade Israel against the Hebrews, as the Anakims and the Philistines were “cousins”. This explains why the Philistine conquest came about after the Exodus: it was a family conquest to regain land lost to the giants of the land, who lost their lands to the Hebrews -- a lowly people who had once been their slaves.

And so, history falls into place, and the “nonsensical histories” of the Bible suddenly begins to make sense and be quite logical.

[Brianroy]

On another thread, Elijah says he cannot understand Josephus' calculations of altering years.

Very easy. 

Pre-Cyrus Greek/Macedonian Calendar is reckoned at that same fraction of 592 Attic years equals 480 Hebraic years (1 Kings 6:1 with Josephus).  480 divided by 592 = .8108, the fraction Josephus would use during these years. 

You will find the consistency holding quite regularly, with a few givens for this pre-calculator and pre-computer age.   

The Greeks who existed before Cyrus I conquering Babylon in circa 539 B.C., reckoned their years upon a 10-month calendar (Theophilus to Autolycus, 3.27).

This appears to run to about 1600 B.C., but sometimes goes back in use to Jacob's entry into Egypt (Keme) in ca. 1766 B.C. 

At which point there is a shift to an intercalculatory fraction down to  .69495 untill 2277 B.C., suggesting a Sumerian or other  influence on what Calendar might have been referred to and fractioned from.   

2277 - 1767 B.C. is reckoned as beginning about 41 actual years after the Flood in the more simplified and straight Bible Chronology.

2278 B.C. and those years prior to it, the pre-Flood world, is reckoned at the inter-calculatory fraction of .5797.     Where 1656 to 1725 Bible years could actually, somehow, be reckoned as actually 1000 years of our way of viewing time.  That is, in our years of 365 days, the Old pre-Flood world was allegedly running on a 211 -212 day revolution around the sun for one year. 

The question becomes, was a day and evening longer, so that the Earth still spun on its axis, but at a much slower rate? 

If our year now has 24 hour days and take 8,766 hours to revolve around the sun...what if before the oceans burst forth (whereas lakes like Galilee's size were "seas"), the day was as if a 41 hour plus day?  That is, instead of 12 +12, it was 20.7 + 20.7 hours, or some such number? 

One of the stumbling blocks researchers get, is our trying to reckon antiquity in our calculations of what time is to us (way in a distant future) -- when conditions, including the turning of the Earth or number of days revolving the sun, may well have varied from that time to this.

Further, the closer you get to the Creation, the more fertile and sustenant the Earth.  Populations as they explode, create a eco-sphere stress, and deplete the Earth's resources in ways not explored. 

The fertility of Babylon was such that all the Babylonians needed to do was seed and dike irrigate, and Creation did the rest, producing 200 fold and 300 fold grain crops compared to what the Greeks could grow. (Herodotus, Histories, 1.193)

One has to wonder, if the Iraqis could once again, plant and dike vast grain fields of wheat - barley -oats....as their predecessors did, if the Earth would yield for them grainfields like the American Wheat-belt...far better than the Nile Delta, and much like those Babylonians way back when.   But those are other subjects.  Peace.

[Elijah]

I feel sad for you because you put as much work into your reconstruction as i do for mine. But the difference is your reconstruction belongs only to you and no one else in this world, nor in all history, since you even contradict all of them in the following listed ways. Just because Josephus uses 477 years doesnt mean he used it your way. Rather instead you like so many other false reconstructions we have thruout history grab the figure and use it your own way. Jospehus proves he believes these three things as fact to him, that kingship began in 1117 BC (this is Saul but he thinks it is David). And that Solomon's reign ended in 997 BC (120 years later) but rather than three spans of 40 years he believes Solomon ruled 80 years because he places the temple as 936 years after 2009 BC in 1073 BC instead of 996 years after 2030 BC in 1034 BC. His structure is based on this and a Flood debated as 3460 BC or 3060 BC (Japans Flood), and then an exodus of 1662 BC (before Amizaduga). These are based on other world events as does Hippolytus place the Exodus in Hammurabi's 1st year 1792 BC.
The point is that truth is discovered by comparing all these men's errors instead of thinking like the world that you can just grab their figures and the awesome math alignment can make it so as true to you. In fact you dont see the errors of these men and how to correct the errors, but rather you toss what you think error and grab whatever you desire as a truth from their works. Youre doing what everyone else does and its all wrong. The method is wrong. Youre fabricating just another new reconstruction. 776 BC is the Olympiad because it is 1463 years from Ur's foundation in 2239 BC using a Sothic 19-year Julian Olympiad cycle when the 365-day calendar cycles in 1460 years.
The Roman and Chinese and Japanese and Egyptian calendars all verify this fact. But then again it is so more important you rise above me or others who know chronology. As for 740 years 185 leap days (such as 740 BC), yes it is used many places long with 720 years 180 leap days. So there is no doubt that the Eras were confused. The Era of Sennacharib was not his first year, rather he rose as king of kings for the new Era when he had already ruled (?) if i recall 19-20 years. Charlemagne was made crowned king in 800 AD while already king. Pacal Votan was crowned in 630 AD as king of kings while he too was already king. The world did not see that there is more than one Era in the 8th century (886 BC and 753 BC and 747 BC and 740 BC and 701 BC) so to claim an Era as Senacharobs 1st year only creates ONE BIG MISTAKE. just as you are, and all the others today while disaster rushes in on all you busy little discoverers to kill you all.
5 chronologies prove the Exodus as 1513 BC as 479 years before the 1034 BC temple and 480 Julian years returns 487 years of 360 days. The temple was rushed to complete iin 7 years for the year 3000 of Adam as halfway to 6000, and it also returned 83-year Jupiter to the 12-year Sothic (Julian) calendar in 996 years from the fall of 1st dynasty Ur. If youre going to go back, then do it from the beginning, Ur and Babel and Damascus and Giza and Ninevah and Harran. The Eras are based on these.
ELIJAH
Be all Bible, or no Bible at all, so that you dont lead those seeking a christ to the lies that will destroy them. Dont have a God who sits busy on a toilet.

[Brianroy]

Elijah,
    I disagree with you on the dating issues, and believe that I am in line with those literary ancients I cite, and the approach laid out by them for us. 

I also believe I will be vindicated in future history, when the past dates are better known by more evidence than we have now currently.

We agree to disagree, and your input is still thanked and appreciated. 

Peace.

[Brianroy]

An example of what the Ancient Chronology reads will be like:

Acts Chapter 13 (KJV)

16 Then Paul stood up, and beckoning with his hand said, Men of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience.

 17 The God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it.

 18 And about the time of 40 years suffered he their manners in the wilderness.

 19 And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot.

 20 And after that he gave unto them judges about the space of  450 years,  [from Moses]  until Samuel the prophet.

 21 And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of 40 years.

So we have a literal use of:

40 years in the wilderness
450 years from Moses' beginning to Samuel's end
40 years under Saul
----
536 years 

30 years for David  to rule  are left
-----------
566 years  as Josephus reckons


But  the OT say David was king 7 years in Hebron, 33 years in Jerusalem. ( I Kings 2:11)

576 years...then, at 10 more than Josephus.

But when we look at the Greek, the word "afterwards" in Acts 13:21 of the King James is not altogether the best translation for kakeithen.

So we see a "about from there" overlap betweeen Samuel and Saul.  This 10 year overlap is demonstrated when Samuel still ruled over Saul as a prophet, took a sword, and personally chopped Agag the Amalekite to pieces, and rebuked Saul for disobedience to him and HASHEM (I Samuel chapter 15).    The implication of Saul's rejection as king, must have happened in his 10th year...and though Saul would live 30 more as king (according to Rav Paul in Acts).     

It appears then, from I Samuel 15's end to 1 Samuel 16's beginning is a 10 year period of mourning for Samuel, when Samuel is sent to anoint a 10 year old boy named David as the Messianic replacement for Saul. 

In otherwords, when Saul sinned in I Samuel 15, HASHEM would have searched to and fro through Israel, and found a newborn as Saul's successor.

And this is where the Gospel story of Jesus' birth comes in...where the trivia history of the David's birth was known then, we have never before learned, as it was lost and forgotten.   

Whereas David was chosen by HASHEM at birth and anointed at age 10; Jesus was chosen by a star at birth, and anointed by magi as a gift to the nations...as is prophesied of Isaiah's "Servant". 

But the point of all this is...we are given dualities in Scripture.   Those dualities are literal and spiritual, historical and theological.   

The 566 years definitively must equal the 480 years given in I Kings 6:1.

We again calculate the 566 years into the 480 literal years that we know, and come back to the 10 month or 305 day pre-Cyrus ancient Macedonian calendar, not caring about seasonal cycles.   

When they -- the Greeks and Macedonians -- adhere to the Cyrian calendar, it is via Egypt,  and the mythology of Osiris as Bacchyus to Pluto and the proper adjsuting of the seasons, becomes a mythology created about this time, on how order was brought to the seasons for the Greeks.   

Antiquity again showing that mythology is a process of monotheism at the first (by logical regression) which add layers upon layers of polytheism as civilization and time rolls along.

So even if we place Solomon dedicating in  967 B.C., (instead of the 997 B.C. area as you bring up) the literary testimony tells us that we can only accept a  1447 B.C. (+480 years) or a 1533 B.C. (+566 years) arrival of the Hebrew nation into Canaan.    

Since I date 1511 B.C. for their arrival out of the wilderness...regardless, I am still well within the margin of error...and this is why I say that history will one day vindicate me over the skeptics.   

I don't know anything about Chinese calendars, but you can post as to what biblical dates they affirm. 

For eclipse calculations, you may want to use NASA

NASA - Eclipse Home Page

I will take HASHEM's book over the calendars not accepted or explained in Patristics, and over those commentaries of people who take the commentaries of tose only guessing,  anyday. 

We've already seen such authorative denial of Hittites, or Pontius Pilate, or any number of things long since proving such authoritative decrees that acadaemia takes for granted as absolute truth, and then see history  and the biblical record dug up to prove them inaccurate in their boasts.

Time is on my side...as the Psalm says, I sow in sorrow, but I shall come rejoicing with the sheaves (or fruits) of my labor.

Once again.  Peace.

[Elijah]

Dear Brian,
Let me tell you the King James is one of few scriptures that have Acys 13:20 wrong. It is 450 years from the choosing of forefathers as the birth of Isaac in 1918 BC to the giving of judges in 1467 BC (450.5 to be exact).
This is why the judges of 350 years is the correct segment of the 480th to the temple. The temple dedicating being 1034 BC attested to by several Greek and Christian claims as 1033 BC. By the way the temple is a symbol of raising the fall of Ur as God's city. That city fell the Chinese year of the slaughtered innocent sheep and the scattering to men like monkeys in panic (2030/2029 BC to 1034/1033 BC).

997 BC is the division attest to by Hamurabi's reinaugurated Marduk calendar in 1770 BC as Adams year 2256 (600-year half cycle of Venus being the Flood star resulting in later chronologies claiming the Flood is year 2256 ending in 2945 BC, or 3114 BC, or 3122 BC etc which was reduced to 2242 only so that year 3192 would remain Marduk 2256+936 = 2242+950 and later 2262+930). The date for the Mars crossing is July 10 as Tamuz in 1770 BC and in 997 BC dividing Israel (not dedication). It divides Israel from Judah because 1770 BC is the year baby Judah was born in Harran, and 9 years later Hamurabi's advance after destroying Mari made Jacob realize in 1761 BC he would once again become a citizen of Babylon as Abram was if he stays in Harran. Jacob exalted Judah instead of his firstborn because Nimrod died as the last of gods in 1770 BC being 500 which is why Phoenix (the firebird whose name evolves to Venus) is there born on the July 10 Tamuz. Babylon altered his death year from being Adams 2256 to being Adams 3192. They claimed 3192 was not 834 BC but 2009 BC. This added 1175 years to history creating a 5200 BC ADam instead of 4025 BC which Amizaduga had confirmed at his death in 1625 BC as being 2400-year Venus. (In reality venus as 1200 Egyptian years is 1199 Julian and so 1-2 years after Adam.)
As for chronology i dont expect to be glorified in the future. The dates which are true belong to the whole world who had produced our history and they will all come to life after Armageddon. This glorifies God not me, and all I have done is proven that we had all the proof before Armageddon without raising the dead to prove it. It makes man guilty for his own mass billion deaths when this disaster hits in the months ahead.
If you wish to revise chronology of Egypt consider these points.
Shulgi ruled Ur from 1991-1943 BC
Abram didnt like Shulgi so he set up a little project telling Shulgi he was going to duplicate the temples and ziggurat in the city of his dead brother to verify more accurate data of the moon and Venus. During these 48 years from the age of 27 when he married his 17 year old sister until 75, he was bi-residential always having a house in Ur and servants there too. That ended when it was suggested he commit suicide the same way his brother Haran did. Grandpa Nahor had founded the astronomy of Ur for Reu Aanipada and MeskiaNannar, whereas Haran was taken from Ur as workforce to go build Ninevah in 2060 BC and so built his own city up north too. He returned to the city Ur in 2029 BC to lead with Nahor the mass suicide to die and go to heaven with Peleg Mesanipada. Before this year not one father of Peleg had grown old or died. Not Eber, not Shelah, not Arpaxad, not Shem, not Noah. They decided it meant God took him to heaven and they committed suicide. However, Abram did not think he was forced childless (with sister's miscarriages) for the purpose to die when his father does in 1943 BC. And the rule of AmarPal (AmarSin) was a disgusting alternative destructive to the schools of astronomy using Shulgi's (Dungi's) idols that Abram regarded as crap. So he left in 1943 BC selling his house and taking all servants to Harran. This is why 12th dynasty feels its lunar dates prove Abram came the first year as 1991 BC not 1943 BC. It is why chronologies calculate an Abram as 75 in both 1991 BC and 1943 BC. A preference is required because Venus is 48 years, the Sothic moon is 49 years, and the egyptian calendar moon is 50 years.

If all Egyptian misunderstanding can be accounted for in these 427 years from Flood to 12th dynasty, i then assure you that altering chronologies from 1513 BC exodus to 1034 BC temple is petty compared to the major changes Genesis does preAbram. By the way 427 years is 36 orbit Jupiter or Jova who encouraged Abram to leave. No i do not reject the fact that jehovah also means fated proven cause and effect. But 36 orbits in a 360-day calendar reach 432x 360 days and falls short one year for the first time by being 426 years after the Flood. So Abram rjected Jupiter as a 12 year calendar of 360 days and advocated the 365-day calendar as having an 83-year Sothic cycle of 7 orbits with 21 leap days.
I assure you that all i know is not just confirmed by historic chronologers, and carbon-dating, but also by astronomy... this is about 1% of the astronomy proof. Like i said it judges the world for having knowledge there that they choose to ignore. Cain ignores Abel, then gets pissed and kills him when Abel is right that fire fumes can be good not bad if the wool is removed.

ELIJAH
There's a reason God gavce me this name and he will carry it thru.

[Brianroy]

Re: Elijah's writing...
... They claimed 3192 was not 834 BC but 2009 BC. This added 1175 years to history creating a 5200 BC ADam instead of 4025 BC which Amizaduga had confirmed at his death in 1625 BC as being 2400-year Venus. 
 ...fire fumes can be good not bad if the wool is removed. 

My response:  a self-censored ...   Wow 
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In Galatians 3;16-17, Paul dates there being 430 years from Abraham's Promise to the day of the Hebrew Exodus from Egypt.   

In Exodus 12:40-41, we are told:

"Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, 430 years.

And it came to pass at the end of 430 years, even the self-same day, it came to pass -- that all the hosts of HASHEM went out from the land of Egypt."

That appears plain enough.  430 years from Abraham's Promise to the Exodus.  But some will read it differently.  So we look to Josephus, who writes:

"They left Egypt in the month of Xanthicus, on the 15th day of the lunar month;
430 years after our forefather Abraham came into Canaan,
but only 215 years after Jacob removed into Egypt.

It was the 80th year of the age of Moses..."

Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, 2.15.2

This account is also preserved in the Samaritan Septuagint.


Is 215 years enough to populate a nation?

The answer is a resounding, yes.  It is possible.

For those of us who were baby-boomers, many of us grew up in communities where the average household was 6-8, thereforethe idea of community wide averages of  10 children to one set of parents is no stretch of the imagination for many of us.  And if one generation can do so, the notion that more than one generation duplicating at such a rate, to many of us baby boomers, is indeed a genuine possibility when starting from low numbers and in the right environmental conditions.   

When examining the Greek reckoning of history, whose cue was taken from Egypt, it appears to me that a pattern of a single generation was thought of (prior to the 1200s B.C.) as 30 years.   So if we calculate Jacob's arrival in 1766 B.C., after the Greco-Egyptian reckoning of 30 years per generation -- rather than the post-baby-boom generation that died in the wilderness and was then made into 40 years -- what are the approximate figures for the 30 year generations, in a culture where incestuous marraiges (only thereafter banned by Mosaic Law) could occur as young as age 13?

70 males to repopulate after coming to Egypt...
56 are eligible:

At a 30 year generation:  56 males repopulating

1)  1736 B.C.  x 4.5 sons  = 252 sons
2) 1706 B.C.  x 4.5  sons = 1,134  sons
3) 1676 B.C. x 4.5 sons = 5,103 sons
4) 1646 B.C.  x 4.5 sons = 22,963 sons

1631 B.C.  The infant slaughter by the Hyksos, reduce birthrate by 33%

5) 1616 B.C.  x 3 sons = 68,889 sons
6) 1586 B.C.  x 3 sons = 206,667 sons
7) 1556 B.C.  x 3 sons = 620,001 sons

by 5 years later...we would have a 2 generation total of over 820,668 males leaving Egypt under Moses. 

This calculation squares with the biblical record numbering the tribes of Israel to 603,550 not counting the Levites in Numbers 1:46-47 who could have been 20 years old and upward, as per Numbers 1:3. 

One horticultural excuse for the high fertility may be blamed on a fertility herb capable of being grown in this mucky Nile basin -- (which same kind of fertilizing muck the Mayans would basket several miles from swamps to their farms to grow great amounts of produce in small acreages on the other side of the world).   But the point is, that a 215 year timeline in Egypt; and an OLDER Exodus, is credible, and at least a possibility that historians and archaeologists should AT LEAST seriously consider.


 

[Elijah]

The topic is Egyptian chronology.
Josephus says 430 years and so many presume that
the addition of the words (in Canaan and) in Egypt is
an attempt to change the facts as 215 plus 430.
They are wrong, it is 430 years from 1943 BC to 1513 BC.
Romans and Greeks and Chinese chronology agree this
Exodus is 1513 BC though the Greeks revised it to
1941-1511 BC.

Josephus uses 2092-1662 BC so may i remark that
you wonder why others use some thing of Josephus if
they are going to apply them to other years.
Dont take my critique wrong, Jospehus has info
found no where else.  EXAMPLE -- Josephus is the
only source saying 18 years existed bewteen Joshua's
death (judging 25 years) and the next judge.
Though he is wrong in that this 25 years does not
commence until the 6 year conquest is finished proven
by Hippolytus saying Joshua died 71 years after Exodus
which is 40 + 6 +25.
Josephus places 40 years as 1664-1622 BC
and 5 years conquest as 1622-1617 BC
but 25 years Joshua as 1622-1597 BC
But Hippolytus correctly commences the 25 after the 6 years
40 years as 1687-1647 BC
6 years as 1647-1641 BC
and 25 years as 1641-1616 BC
(the 18 years being 1616-1598 BC note he ends the 18 years
without dead Joshua as the same year Josephus has Joshua die)
But though Josephus says there is 18 years
as 1597-1579 BC he never includes it in any of his totaled
figures whether book title of judges or spans to temple and
destructions. It is possibly here why Hippolytus pushes Josephus
dates prior to Joshua's 1597 BC death back another 18 years.
Yet it wouldnt seem Hippolytus is based on Josephus because
Josephus creates his own chronology with 2656 years before
Japans Flood year 3060 BC, while Hippolytus sticks with the
5500 BC Adam the Hindu had intact until 500 AD failed as 6000.
But his death is confirmed in that the 19-year lunar calendar
inaugurated by Jews in 1443 BC and Babylon in 1442 BC
ending Egyptian use of 25 year lunar calendar of 309 months.
Josephus thus sees the 25 years as 1622-1597 BC
and 18 years as 1597-1579 BC.

However, Josephus also says Hyksos dwelt to their 518th year
which means if there are only 340 years from the Flood to the
death of Egyptian dynasty 5 at Peleg's death, these 517
years are from Peleg's death which the Seder Olam Rabbah
(340 years as 2105 BC Flood to 1765 BC instead of 2370-2030 BC)
says is the division of the world. That division sent out
Hyksos until 517 years later in 1513 BC they left Egypt.
This means the population of Israel is not solely from
the 70 men who entered Egypt. So you dont require a sudden
horny Israel population that didnt exist in Abram nor Isaac nor Jacob.
12 years to Abram + 75 + 430
versus Seder Olam Rabbah 1765-1313 BC as 452 years
27 to his leaving Ur + 25 to Isaac + 400 dwelling
This says Abram left Ur 27 years after Hyksos did,
and it gives them only 452 years not 517.
The correct view is Abram left Ur at 27 and was bi-residential
for Shulgi's 48 years.
But it is interesting to note 52-year Marduk in here as
Isaac's birth in year 52 of Marduk. It was actually Judah's birth
in 1770 BC (2256 AM) when Hamurabi started the new armageddon
Marduk calendar of 3744 years passed onto the Maya.
Marduk means The Son (mar) of the mountain (duk) or
temple ziggurat which represented Ararat. The true comparison
comes when Babylon takes kingship in 1894 BC so that
Abram offers up his 25-year old son in 1893 BC honoring the
lunar calendar of 365-day calendar, not Mars (Marduk) of
360-day calendar.
In order to have a full 517 years in Jewish calculation
the Hyksos would have to leave when Peleg was 174
in what they say is 1830 BC.
Again the Chinese Roman Greek exodus of 1513 BC
wins out on this one.
Though Greeks dispute whether time spans from
2958-1513 BC or 2956-1511 BC pending 776 BC Era
or 774 BC Era, China and Rome use the twice 720 years
180 leap days as 1440 years from 2953-1513 BC. And verified
by a Sothic day of Chinese day KiahTse (rat) JiaZi.

[Brianroy]

A few musings and thoughts on some Egyptian Archaeological testimony.

Egypt's Karnak relief:

Battle of Kadesh: The Battle of Kadesh (Qadesh), Part II

Egyptian Account of the Battle of Kadesh

Ramesses  II


1) In Egyptology, we find that there is a relief that celebrates Raameses victory at Kadesh in 1180 B.C. This same victory is recorded in Judges 13:1, which the biblical record of successions tells us, is 331 years AFTER THE EXODUS. Therefore, this Pharaoh is not the one who died in the Red Sea during the Hebrew Exodus in the era of the Hebrew Judges of Israel, who judged IN ISRAEL.   

 And if we must amend our dating of the Battle of Kadesh to the Hebrew Outline, making 1220 as 331 years after the Exodus, for example, the Hebrew Exodus and all successive dates are pushed back further until Saul is exclusively 12th century B.C. and Solomon (David's son) is well over 100 years earlierthan all prior predictions.  No...Ramesses II is dated by the confirmation and assurance of the Hebrew Chronologies from Moses to the fall of Jerusalem by Babylon in 586 B.C., on its outline's face...and that historic literary outline is to be taken more literally.

After Kadesh, we are told at Karnak:  "His Majesty turned back in peace to Egypt, together with his infantry and his chariotry being with him"

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2) Kadesh: 31 years earlier. In Judges 11:26, Jephthaa speaks of 300 years having passed from the entry of the Hebrews into Israel, to his time.    Hence, Judges 11:26 is datable to 1211 B.C., and Kadesh is earlier, rather than later (as some date his battle to May 1300 B.C.)


The Judges, like Jephthaa, are more so contemporaneous with the Tell El-Amarna tablets, than is the Exodus to its contents. The tablets, dated by some to ca. 1375 - 1358 B.C., calls for Egypt to deliver the Philistine Lords from their ‘apiru” or ‘habiru’ oppressors.

 Archer, Gleason L. “A Survey of Old Testament Introduction,” Chicago: Moody Press, ©1964, p. 164, (1974 edition.); cf. pp.241,289-295 (1994 edition.)

 Shortly afterwards, we see one of these Canaanite satellite kings of Egypt strengthened against Israel, miraculously as if out of nowhere, with a General Sisera, etc. 



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The Clementine Stromata Book 1, Chapter 21 with Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews and the Bible, presents us a clear outline.

1551 – 1486 B.C.
Joshua 24:29 ;  Judges 2:8  --  “And Joshua the son of Nun…died, being a 110 years old.”

Clement:  “As the book of Joshua relates, the above mentioned man was the successor of Moses 27  [ actual 25] years”
Clement:  “After the close of Moses’s life, Joshua succeeded to the leadership of the people, and he, after warring for 65 years, rested in the good land other 25.”   [Corrected by Josephus]

1511 B.C. -1486 B.C. 
Josephus, Antiquities, 5.1.29:   “So Joshua, when he had thus discoursed to them, died, having lived a 110  years;   40 of which he lived with Moses, … He also became their commander after his death for 25 years.
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1486-1471 B.C.   [Unknown 8 year tributary period at any time in this 15 year period]
Judges 3:8  -- “the children of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim 8 years.”
Clement:    Then the Hebrews having sinned, were delivered to Chusachar [ Chushan-rishathaim]  king of Mesopotamia for 8 years”   

------------------------------------------------------------------
1511 B.C. – 1471 B.C.
Judges 3:11 – “ And the land had rest 40 years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died.”
Clement:   “Gothoniel [ Othniel]. the younger brother of Caleb, of the tribe of Judah, who, having slain the king of Mesopotamia, ruled over the people 40 years in succession.”   

----------------------------------------------------------------------
1477 -1459 B.C.
Judges 3:12 --  “and the L-RD strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel”
Clement:  “ And… were delivered into the hands of Æglom [ Eglon]  king of the Moabites for 18 years”
Josephus AoJ 5.4.1.:  “”Eglon, king of the Moabites…reduced [the Israelites] to poverty for 18 years.”

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1441 – 1361 B.C.
Judges 3:30   --  “So Moab was subdued …and the land had rest 80 years.”
Clement:  “ But on their repentance, Aod, [ Ehud.] … was their leader for 80 years”
Josephus AoJ 5.4.3:  “Ehud…died after he had held the government 80 years.”

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1361-1341 B.C.  --------------------[actual “Jabin”, king of Canaan]
Judges 4:3  -- [Jabin for ]  “20 years … mightily oppressed the children of Israel”.
Clement:  “On the death of Aod  [Ehud]… were delivered into the hand of Jabim,…20  years.”
Josephus AoJ 5.5.1-2   -  Israel subdued by Sisera to Jabin’s control, 20 years.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
 1341-1301 B.C.
Clement:   “Deborah ruled, judging the people 40 years” 
Josephus AoJ 5.5.3-4  - Israel delivered to Deborah administration and commander Barak.

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A Kadesh in May, 1300 BC would have encountered a simultaeneous Midianite bid for control of the plains and farmlands of the Hebrews.

1301 – 1294 B.C.
Clement:  “On her death, the people … were delivered into the hands of the Midianites 7  years”
Josephus AoJ 5.6.1:   For about 3 years the Israelites fought off the Midianites and Arabians, then retired to the mountains, and endured famine.
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1294-1254 B.C.
Clement:   “Gideon, of the tribe of Manasseh …ruled 40 years”
Josephus AoJ 5.6.7 –  Gideon ruled over the government 40 years.

------------------------------------------------------------------
1254-1251 B.C.
Clement:  “The son of Ahimelech, 3 years” 

----------------------------------------------------------------------
1251-1229 B.C.
An Israelite judge [obscured by Clement]…“of the tribe of Ephraim, who ruled 23 years” 
Josephus AoJ  5.7.6.:  “Jair the Gileadite of the tribe of Manasseh…22 years.”

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1229 – 1211 B.C.
Clement: “The people having sinned again, were delivered to the Ammonites 18 years” 
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1211-1205 B.C.
Judges 11:26 – [And Jepthaah inquired] -  “While Israel dwelt in …all the cities that are along by the side of the Arnon, 300 years; wherefore did ye not recover them within that time?”

Clement:  “Jephtha the Gileadite, of the tribe of Manasseh… ruled 6 years”

----------------------------------------------------------------

1205 – 1198 B.C.
Clement:  “Abatthan. of Bethlehem, of the tribe of Juda, ruled 7 years.”
Cf. Judges 12:7,9

---------------------------------------------------------------
Clement: 1198 - 1190 B.C. 
    Clement: “Then Ebron  the Zebulonite, 8 years”

Scripture: 1198  - 1188 B.C.    Judges 12:11

--------------------------------------------------------------
Clement:  1190 – 1182 B.C.
Scripture:  1188 – 1180 B.C.

"And after him Abdon... judged Israel...8 years."
Judges 12:13-14

Clement:  “Then Eglom of Ephraim, 8 years”   
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A Kadesh battle in 1180 B.C. would left a vacuum of power quickly filled by the Cretan based Philistines.

Clement:   1182 – 1142 B.C.
Scripture   1180-1140 B.C.

Judges 13: 1 And the children of Israel ...into the hand of the Philistines 40 years."

Clement:  “Under the power of the foreigners, the Philistines, for 40 years”   [Cretan based]


The Bible is an outline...and in the end, "Biblical" archaeology will be properly layed out when it conforms to a sure historical and "Biblical" testimony of  the near region of Israel, and that nation's historical / factual testimony.

Peace.

[Elijah]

300 years to Joshua
1513-1213 BC
331 years to Kadesh
1513-1182 BC

[Brianroy]

Hyksos 15th Dynasty 1633-1525 B.C.

Salitis
Bnon
Apachnan (Khyan)
Iannas (Ianassi son of Khyan)
Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
Assis

 16th Dynasty  (allegedly Sinai related)
32 vice-kings (?) contemporary to the 15th -17th dynasties (?).


Thebes 17th Dynasty
1606-1539
  The last 3 were:

Tao I (Senakhtenre) thought to have died around 1580 B.C.
Tao II (Sekenenre)   thought to have died in the 1550's
Kamose (Wadjkheperre) could be Ahmose (chronology overlap)

 New Kingdom

18th Dynasty
Eighteenth Dynasty 
Ahmose I (Nebpehtyre) 1550 BC – 1525 BC


Egyptian Kings (Pharaohs)

In fact, from the 7th and 8th dynasty (click on link) we see a cluster of 23 names thrown out for nothing more than a 15 year period, as if they were two dynasties.   Red flag.

Unless the 13th dynasty and its 39 kings are looked at exclusively as Theban, apart from the Hyksos conquest down as far as Memphis, any Egyptian Chronology prior to or even contemporary to the Hyksos listed by Josephus quote of Manetho... may as well be chalked up to modern mythology. 

We have in all, another 46 kings to consider apart from Manetho...which names are either duplications of the names of the existing kings, or they were lower officials:  provincial governors, city rulers, administrators of agriculture, high priest over-lords, or what have you.   As much of what we have in regard to their names dates back to work done 100 years and more ago, and the original or source inscriptions and such evidence should be revisited by those in that field.


In regard to Thera, a recent (2006) visit showed the explosion to have been 4 times greater than Krakatoa...and the Santorini dating has  bounced between a 14th to  17th century dating since at least 1984.

 The Santorini tourist site reckons the explosion as closer to 1500 B.C.,


History


which was probably the source of Jacobvici's use of the date...but in truth, no one knows for sure except that the extreme  earliest date is 1650 B.C. and the extreme latest date is probably about 200 years later in 1450 B.C. 
That is, unless more conclusive data is found.



The Middle and Late Cycladic Periods in the Central Aegean Islands


cf.
"THE IMPACT OF THE THERAN VOLCANIC ERUPTION BEYOND SANTORINI"

For more ancient Aegean history (in relation to contemporary biblical archaeology or chronolgy of the period), check out:

The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean

You will see that my dating the Trojan war (etc.) to ending in the 1030s is not far from other theories dating the war as late as 1050 B.C., etc., and will generally fall within an acceptable  margin of error in regard to what is already acceptable among the scholarship who make their livings studying ancient Greece. 


I try to have a sound historical basis in any history I present, and where I make an educated analysis on the topic...I am willing to concede this as well.  Archaeology, be it biblical or other, is all about "history" in several avenues of investigative form: data analysis of artifacts, locations, inscriptions, etc. ; historical construction /reconstruction; and educated guessing where there is an absence of certainty or other confirmation.  We may say that there is more than this general snapshot of what archaeology encompasses in its practice...but that may best be left to another thread.   

Peace.

[Brianroy]

In regard to those who are pushing a mythological view of the Bible rather than history. 

History has shown us that there are always those with flights of wild fancy, who would rather chase dreams of mythology, or make story-telling an art for themselves.  We call them actors, and hypocrites, and other such historical names.

These are set about for amusement for the masses, until they take themselves and their flights of fancy too seriously. 

If we investigate the origin of how myths came about with the Greeks, and we can through the literary history of Patristics, then we can also separate mythology from history in other ancient societies beside the Greeks.  The Patristics help us in that regard toward Egypt to some degree as well.

In the late 1980s, one modern writer daily wrote in a certain burger restaurant how that  the Divine "was a woman".  Seeing him drink his coffee and writing every morning, I approached him a number of times about his topic.  For him, it was an idea to sell books, to create excitement and a name for himself.  He argued much along the same line as Michael about mythology and how the ancient world's mythology was more reliable than history.  To him, as I recall, history was myth, and the myth was the secret to the universe.  He had no sound basis to argue his point...and no historical insight as to how the "myth" came about.

The patristics show you how the myths of Greeks and some Egyptians were created and came about.  They even name a few models who posed for certain deity statues, and sometimes name the scultors (etc.) who form them for their rich psychotic clients who spend huge sums of money to deify themselves as a Jupiter, etc.   Real history...real people.

One writer on another thread pushing the Sothic cycle doesn't tell us that the reckoning was last in 139-142 A.D., and the first reckoning was actually in or about 1322 B.C.

   Eduard Meyer in 1904 put forth this Sirius theory based on a possible inscription thought to have dated in the 12th, and another thought to have dated in the 18th dynasty.  But also, he is one of the lousy chronologists who slapped the Egyptian chronology (which I criticize in the post above) imprimis.  And if we look into this whole Sirius concept at the source, in E. Meyer, we see that the cosmic myth of the one writer of other threads concepts will actually fall or rise on the validation of Meyer. 

Meyer consider Joseph Smith the modern Mohammed, and Mormonism the American version of the Muslim faith.  In fact, for Meyer, Mormonism was the experiencing of New Prophets and New Bible writers like Amos, etc., in the making.  And since Joseph Smith was deceived, it follows that all prophets were deceivers or self-deceived, says Meyer.  That is, in just one man, and one variance from Christianity or what is perceived as Christianity, all the world's religions and history is judged, tried, and convicted.

And what are we to believe in its place...the stars...mediums...carnival acts and con-artists...and some mythology and poorly construed slapping together of antiquity by a man with an anti-G-D agenda (that was the Eduard Meyer of just 100 years ago).   

Biblical Archaeology and those interested in history of Ancient Egypt, should listen more closely to what the Patristic writers argued in regard to history and mythology before tossing all their eggs into a basket going over the cliff with Meyer.

Thoughts to consider.

Peace.